Gypsum adds permanent hardness (calcium ions) to soft brewing water. Because of its limited solubility it is only effective when added directly to the mash. Brewers that use distilled water like to add some gypsum back into the water to give it some hardness. Gypsum can also be used to lower the pH of water. Use 1 teaspoon per 5 gallons. Use for making dark beers in areas of soft water.
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